This special issue includes 21 excellent scientific reviews, original research papers and tutorial paper with authors from China, Denmark, Singapore, France, Ireland, USA and UK. Regarding SOA related topics, Prof. Connelly, which is a well-known expert of SOA, reported a 40 Gb/s non-return-to-zero differential quadrature phase shift keying (NRZ-DQPSK) wavelength conversion with quantum dash SOA; Prof. Xuelin Yang numerically analyzed the SOA-based turbo-switches with time-domain and frequency-domain SOA models; Tong Cao, Prof. Xinliang Zhang’s PhD student, presented a scheme for performance improvement of SOA by enhancing the well-barrier hole burning.Regarding all-optical signal processing topics, Yunhong Ding from Denmark presented a review paper about linear signal processing functions with silicon micro-ring resonators; Prof. Xinliang Zhang and his PhD student presented a theoretical analysis paper in which a completed model was developed to analysis linear signal processing functions with different optical filters; Xiong Meng from Denmark compared wavelength conversion efficiency between silicon waveguide and micro-ring resonators, while Yi Yu from Denmark analysis switching dynamics of InP photonic-crystal nanocavity; Prof. Jianji Dong demonstrated a large range tunable fractional-order differentiator and theoretical analyzed an optomechanical all-optical transistor.Regarding key optoelectronic devices, Prof. Yongzhen Huang’s group presented a paper about mode characteristics of rectangular microresonators; Prof. Hongbo Sun’s group reviewed the progress of microcavity lasers with femtosecond laser processing method; Prof. Damin Zhang presented a research article about cross-cascaded arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG)-based wavelength selective optical switching optical cross-connect (OXC) modules; Prof. Daoxin Dai from Zhejiang University gave two excellent review articles about silicon photonics; and Prof. Wei Lei reported an interesting work on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers. Regarding applications of optoelectronic devices in the field of optical fiber communication and microwave photonics, Prof. Jianping Chen reported microwave photonic phase shifters with microring coupling modulation; Prof. Jianji Dong reported a fiber-chip-fiber optomechanical system for isolator; Prof. Shilong Pan presented a review paper about GaAs-based polarization modulators; Prof. Lilin Yi gave a review paper about key technologies in chaotic optical communications; Prof. Xinlun Cai reviewed photonic integrated devices for exploiting orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light in optical communications; and Prof. Zhaohui Li from Jinan University reported an in-band optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring technique with high resolution and large measurement range.